Evaluación de la calidad genética de las ratas Wistar Kyoto del bioterio de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia por marcadores moleculares microsatélites / Genetic control evaluation of Wistar Kyoto rats in bioterio of Faculty of Chemistry Sciences and Pharmacy by microsatellite molecular markers

El control de calidad genético de los animales de experimentación utilizados en los bioterios debe ser prioritario, para asegurar que los estudios realizados tengan reproducibilidad y además validez científica. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la pureza genética de las ratas Wistar Kyoto (WKY) del bioterio de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, "Dra. Amarillis Saravia Gómez", las cuales nunca se han caracterizado genéticamente. Para realizar este análisis se seleccionaron los microsatélites D1Mgh6 y D17Mit3, los cuales muestran un alto grado de variabilidad y gran número de polimorfismos, por lo que permiten tener una visión general de las características genéticas de la cepa. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Los resultados obtenidos del análisis genético demostraron que el fragmento analizado para el microsatélite D17Mit3 de las WKY del bioterio fue el esperado con un peso molecular de 201 pb, que corresponde al tamaño reportado; en la base de datos genómicos de la rata, por los laboratorios Charles River y los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de los Estados Unidos (NIH). Por el contrario, el tamaño del microsatélite D1Mgh6 no corresponde al fragmento de 147 pb esperado. La colonia de ratas WKY se ha manejado con un método de reproducción consanguíneo lo que se confirmó con los resultados, ya que los microsatélites D17Mit3 y D1Mg6 mostraron una condición homogicota y homoalélica, por lo cual estos animales de experimentación pueden ser usados en ensayos como un modelo consanguíneo de características genéticas propias, puesto que no tienen las características genéticas esperadas para la raza WKY.

Genetic quality control of experimental animals used in laboratory animal centers must be priority, to ensure that studies have reproducibility and also scientific validity. This research aimed to evaluate the genetic purity of the Wistar Kyoto rats at bioterio of the Faculty of Chemistry Sciences and Pharmacy at the University of San Carlos of Guatemala, "Dr. Amarillis Saravia Gómez", which never had been genetically characterized. The D1Mgh6 and D17Mit3 microsatellites were analyzed because they have a high grade of polymorphism and allows to have a general vision of genetic characteristicsof the strain, the analysis was performed by the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The results of the genetic analysis showed that the colony of Wistar Kyoto rats corresponds to the estimated size for the microsatellite D17Mit3 (201 bp) as the genomic database rat and reported by Charles River Laboratories and the NIH. However, It doesn't correspond to the estimated size of the microsatellite D1Mgh6 (147 bp). The WKY strain has been manage with an inbreeding method, that was confirmed by the results because D17Mit3 and D1Mg6 showed an homogenic and homoallelic condition, so these experimental animals can be used in trials as a inbreed model, because do not have the genetic characteristics expected for the WKY breed.

Técnicas de necropsia y toma de muestras en animales de experimentación: Una revisión bibliográfica y actualización / Necropsy and sampling techniques in experimental animals: A bibliographic review and update

Se plantea como objetivo describir las técnicas de necropsia en animales de experimentación, una revisión bibliográfica y actualización. Se describieron las técnicas de necropsia en cobayos (Cavia porcellus), conejos (Oryctolaguscuniculus), ratones (Mus musculus), la rata (Rattusnorvegicus (variedad albina), incluyendo peces. La necropsia sistemática incluye una revisión de la historia clínica, y/o datos del experimento realizado. El siguiente paso corresponde al examen externo, donde se describen lesiones sobre el tejido tegumentario, sistema locomotor, mucosas, cavidades naturales y cambios post-mortem. Posteriormente se realiza el desollado, de manera simultánea la apertura de cavidades, con la evaluación de órganos, mediante un exhaustivo examen macroscópico. Este procedimiento continua con la extracción de órganos y toma de muestras. Por último se debe elaborar un informe de necropsia donde el patólogo veterinario emitirá las conclusiones o diagnósticos comentarios, recomendaciones y las apreciaciones enmarcados en la epicrisis del caso. El proceso de necropsia junto con la recolección y envío de muestras apropiadas para la realización de pruebas de laboratorio es trascendental en el proceso de emisión de un diagnóstico, de la práctica de la toma de muestra y envío al laboratorio depende el diagnostico morfológico y etiológico. En conclusión se describieron las técnicas de necropsia y toma de muestras en animales de experimentación con énfasis en cobayos (Cavia porcellus), conejos (Oryctolaguscuniculus), ratones (Mus musculus), la rata (Rattusnorvegicus, variedad albina), incluyendo peces, como una herramienta básica para el diagnostico de patologías en animales de experimentación así como se mencionaron las condiciones de envío de muestras a los distintos laborator

The aim of this study was to describe the necropsy techniques in experimental animals, a literature review and update. Necropsy techniques were described in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), mice (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus (albino variety), including fish, systematic necropsy includes a review of clinical history, and/or data of the experiment performed. The next step corresponds to the external examination, where lesions are described on the integumentary tissue, locomotor system, mucous membranes, natural cavities and post-mortem changes, followed by flaying, simultaneously opening cavities, with the evaluation of organs, through an exhaustive macroscopic examination. This procedure continues with the extraction of organs and sampling. Finally, a necropsy report must be prepared where the veterinary pathologist will issue the conclusions or diagnoses comments, recommendations and assessments framed in the epicrisis of the case, the necropsy process together with the collection and shipment of appropriate samples for the performance of laboratory tests is crucial in the process of issuing a diagnosis, the practice of sampling and sending to the laboratory depends on the morphological and etiological diagnosis. In conclusion, necropsy and sampling techniques were described in experimental animals with emphasis on guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), mice (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus albino variety), including fish, as a basic tool for the diagnosis of pathologies in experimental animals, as well as the conditions for sending samples to different laboratories.

Discussion on the cognition and development process of experimental animal acupoints / 中国针灸

To review the development history of the experimental animal acupoints. To analyze different historical periods, the names of animal acupoints, positioningmethods and references, it is believed that the understanding of experimental animal acupoints has gone through four stages, including initiation, accumulation, specification and standards. At the same time, some important events in the development of experimental animal acupoints were sorted out, including the publication of key papers, books, teaching materials, and the convening of important conferences. In addition, the significance of the above stages of development and the relationship between them were also analyzed to provide basic clues and evidence for the rational understanding of the characteristics and laws of experimental animals. It is concluded that the development of experimental animal acupoints has evolved from simple to complex, from fuzzy to precise.

Discussion on the experimental animal mall platform based on mobile internet / 中国比较医学杂志

Through analyzing the characteristics of the experimental animal industry , supply and demand status and application prospect of mobile internet industry , as themobile Internet +experimental animalscombination to study the function and effect and operation mode of the experimental animals mall platform .The platform will be provide open e-commerce services for experimental animal industry , forming an innovative pattern of resource sharing , mutual benefit and win-win, promote the balanced allocation of the experimental animal industry chain resources , build “effectiveness , efficiency , effect” good operation management environment .

Comparison of domestic laws and regulations related to experimental animals and international terrestrial animal health codes / 中国比较医学杂志

The concept of “experimental animals” has been raised up, while we still need relevant laws and regulations on experimental animals.Accordingly, a potential safety hazard may occur when using these animals.Here we compare the content of the“Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People’ s Republic of China” and “Regulations for Experimental Animal Management”, with the “Terrestrial Animal Health Code” issued by International Organisation for Animal Health ( Office International des Epizooties,OIE) , in order to provide some advice to completing the relevant laws in China.

Evaluación del efecto hipolipemiante de Talinum triangulare (falsa espinaca) y Abelmoschus esculentus (quimbombó) / Assessment of hypolipidemic action of Talinum triangulare (water leaf) and Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)

INTRODUCCIÓN: la evaluación de plantas con efecto reductor en los lípidos plasmáticos, constituye una herramienta muy valiosa para el control de las dislipidemias. OBJETIVOS: comprobar la efectividad farmacológica como hipolipemiante, de Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd(Talinaceae) y Abelmoschus esculentus moench (Malvaceae), en dos biomodelos de ensayo. MÉTODOS: se utilizó el fruto verde de A. esculentus y hojas frescas de Talinum triangulare. El material vegetal previo secado, se pulverizó para preparar extractos hidroalcohólicos, que una vez rotoevaporados, fueron suspendidos en agua para ser administrados a los modelos experimentales. El efecto hipolipémico de las plantas estudiadas se comprobó, en animales de experimentación, sometidos a dos modelos de inducción de hiperlipidemia; administración de solución de sacarosa al 63 % durante 16 semanas y administración vía intraperitoneal del detergente no iónico Poloxamer 338, durante 48 horas a una dosis de 0,6 g/kg. RESULTADOS: el extracto hidroalcohólico de A. esculentus (400 mg/kg) en el modelo de hiperlipemia por Dieta Rica en Sacarosa, mostró un efecto reductor de triacilglicéridos, superior al ácido nicotínico. En el modelo de hiperlipidemia por inducción con detergente no iónico, el extracto hidroalcohólico de Talinum triangulare (400 mg/kg), manifestó un efecto reductor de colesterol y triacilglicéridos, mayor que el ácido nicotínico y la atorvastatina. CONCLUSIONES: los extracto hidroalcohólicos de A. esculentus y de Talinum triangulare expresaron efectos reductores de triacilglicérios por mecanismos de acción diferentes, superiores al ácido nicotínico en cada caso. El extracto hidroalcohólico de Talinum triangulare manifestó un potente efecto reductor de colesterol mayor que el ácido nicotínico y la atorvastatina.

INTRODUCTION: assessment of plants with low plasmatic lipids effect is a power instrument to dislipidemias control. OBJECTIVES: to establish the pharmacological effectiveness as hipolipidemic agents of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd (Portulacaceae) and Abelmoschus esculentus Moench (Malvaceae) in two biomodel assays. METHODS: in the present study we have researched the hypolipemic effect of Talinum triangulare (false spinach) and A. esculentus (okra) in experimental animals subjected to two models of hyperlipidemia induction; an intake of 63 % sucrose solution for 16 weeks and an intake of Poloxamer 338 nonionic detergent via intraperitoneal for 48 hours at a dose of 0,6 g/kg. RESULTS: the hydroalcoholic extract of A. esculentus, at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed triacilglicéridos reducing effect greater than nicotinic acid in the model of hyperlipidemia induction by a sucrose-rich diet. In the model of hyperlipidemia by induction with nonionic detergent, the hydroalcoholic extract of Talinum triangulare at a dose of 400 mg/kg, showed a powerful cholesterol and triacilglicéridos lowering effect, greater than nicotinic acid and atorvastatin. CONCLUSIONS: the hydroalcoholic extract of A. esculentus and T. triangulare showed hypotriglyceridemic effect for different action mechanisms, higher than the nicotinic acid, in each case. The extract hidroalcohólico of Talinum triangulare showed a potent hipocholesterolemic effect even more than the nicotinic acid and the atorvastatin.

Consideration on Strengthen the Ethical Education of Laboratory Animal in Pharmacology Experimental Teaching / 中国医学伦理学

This paper points out the experimental animal ethics education in pharmacology teaching and the im-portance of the experiment,it is good to raises the student good humanity accomplishment and scientific research quality, and promote medical research and life ethics of benign interaction.It also expounds the basic content of ex-perimental animal ethics education,including:animal welfare, the 3R principle, AAALAC accreditation and analy-sis of the experimental animal welfare legislation status, raises questions about animal ethics education problems and thinking in the pharmacology experiment teaching in ourschool.The experimental animal ethics education should become an important part of pharmacology experimental teaching, which enhanced the students′s ethical awareness to better understand and respect for life, and contribute to the sustainable development of medical and pharmaceutical research.

Detection and Evaluation of Experimental Animal Models with Blood Deficiency / 中国中医药信息杂志

Blood deficiency is a syndrome that people feel weak and their mucosal skin becomes pale. Based on the theory that qi and blood are the basic materials of human beings, many domestic researchers have combined traditional Chinese medicine theory with methods of modern medical experiments in search of how to make experimental animal models with blood deficiency, and achieved great success in these years. By searching and arranging related research literature published in recent 10 years in CNKI, this article reviewed modeling methods and evaluation criteria in three aspects:traditional Chinese medicine etiology, western etiology and pathology, and comprehensive methods, with a purpose to provide a bright future through the comparison.

Animal treatment and protection measures during experiments / 中国比较医学杂志

Experimentalanimalsareimportantbasisforlifescienceresearchanddevelopment.Alongwiththe continuous development of science and technology , new technology and new ideas emerging , treatment and protection of animals during experiments are important condition to ensure the scientific results accurate and reliable , so scientists have paid more attention to the issues of animal welfare and protection .This article summarizes the animal treatment and protection measures during experiments based on both own work and experience and knowledge of other scientists .

The application of teaching method of grouping and numbering the experimental animals on the teaching of basic operative surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Teaching method of grouping and numbering the experimental animals refers to management of laboratory animals by marking them with numbers. In an experimental group, the same marked experimental animal is performed surgery operation by each group member. As a whole, each group member gets the same score according to the evaluation of operation performance of that group and the score is recorded as usual performance score. This method is simple and easy to implement. It is the optimizing of traditional basic operative surgery teaching methods which is conducted not only to improve medical students' sense of responsibility and animal protection awareness, to make full use of teaching resources and reduce waste, to cultivate medical students' team cooperation awareness, but also to deepen medical students' knowledge about surgical complications and improve the quality of teaching.

Pharmacodynamic studies on cardioprotective function of Zhurihen dripping pills in experimental animals / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the cardioprotective function of Zhurihen dripping pills in experimental animals.Methods By hypoxia tolerance model and isoproterenol hydrochloride induced acute hypoxia model, measuring the time of death in mice.For rat serum LDH, CK, SOD and MDA were measured to observe protective effect of Zhurihen dripping pills on vasopressin-induced acute myocardial ischemia model.The effect of Zhurihen dripping pills on latency and durations were observed in acute arrhythmia induced by inhaled chloroform – epinephrine rabbits model.Results The hypoxia tolerance in mice and myocardial hypoxia tolerance significantly improved by Zhurihen dripping pill, and prolonged the survival time in mice.The serum level of LDH, CK, SOD and MDA significantly improved, and protected the impaired myocardial cell in rats.The latent period of arrhythmia was significantly prolonged and duration of arrhythmia was shortened in rabbits.Conclusion Zhurihen dropping pills an improve myocardial oxygen deficiency, anti-arrhythmia effect and protect myocardial cells.

Animal's feeding cost accounting of the scientific researches in hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Due to lack of cost accounting,the scientific researches charge differently of experimental animals in every hospital.Animals feeding costs include two parts,direct costs and indirect costs.Through gathering statistics of different kinds of animals and cumulative feeding amounts of different researches,the article calculates the indirect costs of each research,this approach can make up deficiencies for the current management method and improve hospital management level.

Bioética y el empleo de animales de experimentación en investigación

Los adelantos científicos y biotecnológicos propios de la postmodernidad, han planteado nuevos paradigmas en relación a la ética. Las implicaciones bioéticas del empleo de animales de experimentación en investigación son analizadas en la presente revisión. La investigación con humanos se rige desde el punto de vista ético por el código de Nürenberg, las Declaraciones de Helsinki y normas del Consejo de Organizaciones Internacionales de Ciencias Médicas. Estas normativas aún cuando contemplan algunos aspectos relacionados con el empleo de animales de experimentación, presentan el dilema entre el beneficio para el humano, el daño potencial para el animal y el no obstaculizar la investigación. Por esta razón, es importante la creación de comités institucionales para el cuidado y uso de los animales, en especial en las Facultades de Ciencias de la Salud, que se encarguen de concebir y asesorar en la aplicación de códigos de bioética que contemplen pautas para el uso de animales de laboratorio acordes con la normativa internacional y con las particularidades del ámbito nacional que rodea la investigación.

Postmodern advances in science and biotechnology have raised new paradigms in relation to bioethics. The bioethical implications of the use of animals in research are discussed in this review. Nürnberg Code, Helsinki´s Declarations and Norms of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences supply international ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects. These regulations provide some aspects related to the use of experimental animals but rise some dilemmas such as the benefit to humans, the potential harm to the animal, and not obstructing the research. For this reason, it is important the creation of an Animal Care and Use Committee in each research institution, especially in the faculties of health science, which will be responsible for designing and advising bioethics codes implementations that provide guidelines for the use of laboratory animals in accordance with international standards and the particularities of the research rules of each country.

Some pharmacological investigation of acorus calamus L / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background: Acorus calamus L. was included in the Red Book of Mongolia, it was registered as a destroyed plant and it has high significance of productivity. Therefore on the base of natural resources and abundant fund of tradi¬tional medicine, it is important to study of biological and pharmacological action of medicinal plant. It is important for treatment and economy. The plant which we are studying is a valuable plant its action is widely used in decreasing high temperature, relieving pain and anti-inflammation. It’s chemical for structure and pharmacological action have not been studied in Mongolia. This became base of studying this plant. Aim: The aim is to study some of pharmacological study. We prepared dry extract and used it for our study. Objectives: 1. To study of anti-inflammatory effect of Acorus calamus L 2. To study of cholegonic and cholekinetic effect of Acorus calamus L. 3. To study of diuretic action of Acorus calamus L 4. To study of cardiovascular effect of Acorus calamus L Material and Мethods: Acorus calamus L. preparation action against inflammation by the method of Martin G.J.Winter (1954) and Cotton Fielt. Action which affects to gall secretion by Rozuet, Jousse (1980) method in com¬parison with Allochol, action which affect to urine secretion by Treindlendburg method; Action which affects to hypertension by Electrocardiogramme (ECG) 8800 apparatus. Results: Acorus calamus L. preparation is active anti inflammation, when we compared our group which used drug with control group swelling the inflammation was decreased by 95.5% in the process of experiment which was formed by Histamin. When we studied affecting action of Acorus calamus L to gall secretion it activates action of gall secretion and form of gall liver, at 120 minutes in comparison with Allochol it affects to gall secretion by 3.8%, with the group used distilled water by 22.2%, when we studied affect to urine secretion in the period of experiment urine secretion of mouse of experimental group is by 52.2%, more than urine secretion of mouse of control group. When we studied change of some elements in urine composition Natri increased by 15.5%, in the group which used Acorus calamus L. but Kali ion secretion decreased by 7.6%. When the dosage of Acorus calamus L. increase action activity improves more and it shows decreasing hypertension, in ECG activity positive inotrofe, shows down heart rhythm a little reducing number of contraction chronotrofec, slowing down heart inner sense transmitting negative dromotrofec. Conclusions: By our experiment it was proved that preparation Acorus calamus L. has an action increasing of bile secreting diuretic, and negative chronotrofe, positive inotrofe and negative dromotrofec effects decreasing.

Social Isolation Selectively Increases Anxiety in Mice without Affecting Depression-like Behavior

It is hypothesized that a number of environmental factors affect animals' behavior. Without controlling these variables, it is very hard for researchers to get not only reliable, but replicable data from various behavioral experiments testing animals' cognitive as well as emotional functions. For example, laboratory mice which had restricted environment showed different synaptic potentiation properties with wild mice (Zhao MG et al., 2009). While performing behavioral experiments, however, it is sometimes inevitable that the researcher changes the animals' environments, as by switching the cages in which experimental animals are housed and separating animals raised together into small experimental groups. In this study, we investigated the effect of environmental changes on mice's emotional behaviors by socially isolating them or reducing the size of their cage. We found that social isolation selectively increases the animals' levels of anxiety, while leaving depression-like behaviors unchanged. On the other hand, alteration of the housing dimensions affected neither their anxiety levels nor their depression-like behaviors. These results suggest that environmental variables may have a prominent impact on experimental animals' emotional behaviors and possibly their psychological states, leading to bias in the behavioral data produced from experiments.

Safety and potency of rotavirus master seed G1P4 (2001019210)

Background: Rota vaccine is used to prevent diarrhea in children under 5 years old. Two vaccines are being used in developed countries: Rotarix (GSK) and RotaTeq (Merk). Rotarix vaccine was produced from master seed G1P8 and RotaTeq vaccine was from the coordination of human rotavirus strains G1, G2, G3, G4 and cow rotavirus strain.Thanks to the helps of WHO, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science and Technology, Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals \ufffd?Ha Noi made study of creating rotavirus master seed G1P4 for Rota vaccine production in Vietnam. Objectives: To evaluate the safety and potency of rotavirus master seed G1P4 in the laboratory and experimental animals. Subjects and method: Rotavirus master seed G1P4 (2001019210) lot 1 (MS-P5) and lot 2 (MS-P5) produced in 2005, preserved at -800C were determined potency by Immunofluorescence (IF) method and tested for safety on rabits and rats. Results:2 lots of Rotavirus master seed G1P4 that had been produced in Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals \ufffd?Ha Noi had high titre and safety in the laboratory and experimental animals. Conclusion: The result was the basis of Rota vaccine production in Vietnam.

Safety and potency of rotavirus master seed G4P6 (2001019203)

Background: Rota vaccine is used to prevent diarrhea in children under 5 years old. Two vaccines are being used in developed countries: Rotarix (GSK) and RotaTeq (Merk). Rotarix vaccine was produced from master seed G1P8 and RotaTeq vaccine was from the coordination of human rotavirus strains G1, G2, G3, G4 and cow rotavirus strain. Thanks to the help of WHO, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science and Technology, Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals \ufffd?Ha Noi made study of creating rotavirus master seed G4P6 for Rota vaccine production in Vietnam. Objectives: To evaluate the safety and potency of rotavirus master seed G4P6 in the laboratory and experimental animals. Subjects and method: Rotavirus master seed G4P6 (2001019203) lot 1 (MS-PL5) and lot 2 (MS-PL5) produced in 2005, preserved at -800C were determined potency by Immunofluorescence (IF) method and tested for safety on rabits and rats. Results:2 lots of Rotavirus master seed G4P6 that had been produced in Center for research and production of vaccines and biologicals \ufffd?Ha Noi had high titre and safety in the laboratory and experimental animals. Conclusion: The results were the basis of Rota vaccine production in Vietnam.

Observations of the possible development of resistance to reinfection in oriental schistosomiasis among experimental animals

Observation made on the egg output of some experimental monkeys and pigs infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae show that after a certain period of time from the date of non-overwhelming initial infection, sufficient resistance may be induced against S. japonicum reinfections. This was noted after 31 months on monkeys and a relatively shorter period of time in pigs after their initial infections. It could, therefore, be surmised that in order to resist to a sufficient degree a big dose of cercarial infections, a longer time interval between initial and challenge infection is necessary. Inasmuch as the data presented are limited, it is felt that further investigations along this line should be carried out.(Auth. Abs.)

Trial of a New Method of Intradermal Needle Insertion for Small Experimental Animals / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The authors' developed a new methods of preparing and inserting intradermal needles for small experimental animals.<br>To create the new type of needle, the tip of a filiform needle (0.14mm in diameter) was pinched into a wavy shape using mosquito forceps. A length of about 1.5mm of this wavy section was then cut off and used as an intradermal needle.<br>Designated areas of the mice were depilated, and the acupoints marked. For insertion, an injection needle (27 gauge) was used to penetrate directly beneath the marked point, starting from slightly above the marking. The wavy needle was then inserted into the tip of the injection needle and a filiform needle (0.18mm in diameter; adjusted length) used to push the wavy needle out, thereby inserting it into the intended point.<br>Using this method, insertion of the needles was easily carried out, and they stayed in places. This method therefore seems to be highly applicable for the insertion of intradermal needles in experimental animals.

Glycogen Contents in Skeletal Muscles in Men and Different Species of Experimental Animals / 대한정형외과학회잡지

The normal values of glycogen contents in skeletal muscles in commonly used experimental animals and men were studied. In addtion, this study was designed to know the relationship between amount of exercise and glycogen content in muscle, and to know the causes of species difference. Glycogen contents were determined in quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and triceps in mouse, rat, rabbit, and man. The results of this study as follows: The value of glycogen content in human skeletal muscle is significantly higher than that of experimental animals. The heavier the body weight of experimental animal, the higher the value of glycogen content in each muscle. The value of glycogen content in gastrocnemius is higher than that of quadriceps. The value of glycogen content in quadriceps is higher than that of triceps.